In parallel, Resveratrol enhances the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway, upregulating activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and ATF6, this suppresses endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers, including CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), and X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), while boosting the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px, as well as controlling NAD phosphate (NADPH) oxidase-mediated ROS generation, reducing lipid peroxidation markers like MDA levels, and suppressing nitric oxide (NO) overproduction, thereby exerting anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects (92, 95)
Unlike retinoids or AHAs, it works synergistically with the bodys own repair systems rather than forcing accelerated cell turnover
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Furthermore, the immune tolerance process is accompanied by altered histone modification levels
